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HMS ''Impregnable'' was a 98-gun second rate three-decker ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 1 August 1810 at Chatham. She was designed by Sir William Rule, and was the only ship built to her draught.〔 Purportedly as originally built she was a near copy of the famed first rate , Lord Nelson's flagship at the Battle of Trafalgar. During the Napoleonic Wars, she was used as the flagship of the Admiral the Duke of Clarence (later King William IV). She took part in the bombardment of Algiers in 1816 under the command of Admiral David Milne where she was second in the order of battle. In the attack on Algiers, ''Impregnable'', isolated from the other ships was a large and tempting target, attracting attention from the Algerian gunners who raked her fore and aft, she was severely damaged. 268 shots hit the hull, the main mast was damaged in 15 places. ''Impregnable'' lost Mr. John Hawkins, midshipman, 37 seamen, 10 marines and 2 boys killed and Mr. G. N. Wesley, Mr. Henry Quinn, 111 seamen, 21 marines, 9 sappers and miners and 17 boys wounded. The ''Impregnable'' saw little further action, apart from a short commission in the Mediterranean, and in 1819 she was placed in the Reserve Fleet at Devonport. From May 1839 to October 1841 she had relieved as the Commander-in-Chief's flagship moored at the entrance to the Hamoaze. She then saw service again in the Mediterranean until May 1843, when she was once again laid up with the reserve fleet at Devonport. ''Impregnable'' was rated as a training ship in 1862〔Ships of the Old Navy, ''Impregnable''.〕 and removed from the reserve fleet to begin service at Devonport training boy seamen for the Royal Navy. On 27 September 1886, ''Impregnable'' was replaced by HMS ''Howe'' which was renamed HMS ''Bulwark'' as she became a training ship. The old ''Impregnable'' ended her days first as a tender to HMS ''Indus'' and then on 9 November 1888 she was renamed HMS ''Kent'' to be used as a hulk in the event of an epidemic. On that date, her name, ''Impregnable,'' was given to HMS ''Bulwark'' (the former HMS ''Howe''), still serving at Devonport. Three years later on 22 September 1891, she was once again re-named, this time HMS ''Caledonia'', and became a Scottish boys training / school ship moored at Queensferry in the Firth of Forth. As HMS ''Caledonia'', she was to spend the next 15 years at anchor in the Firth of Forth as a training ship for boys. The ship was divided up for training by decks: The Upper Deck was used exclusively for sail drill, gunnery and recreation. The Main and Middle decks were used for seamanship classes and instruction. The Lower and Orlop decks were devoted to living and sleeping spaces. The training ship accommodated 190 Officers and men as well as 800 boys. Instruction covered boat pulling, sailing & gunnery. It was hoped that this form of training would instil in the boys the qualities of resourcefulness, courage and self-reliance. Theoretical instruction was undertaken in the 'Schoolroom'. This room could accommodate 200 boys at once and often did. The 200 boys were broken down into classes of 15 - 20.〔HMS Caledonia - the Royal Naval Engineering School - a short history" by Lieutenants KP Hunter & RJ Rogers, RN:〕 She was sold for breaking up in 1906. The heavy oak beams of the cloister of St Conan’s Kirk were made from ''Caledonia'' and . The church is situated by the side of Loch Awe.〔HMS Caledonia - the Royal Naval Engineering School - a short history" by Lieutenants KP Hunter & RJ Rogers, RN:〕 Beginning with HMS ''Bulwark'' in 1886 until ''Impregnable'' moved ashore in 1936 and becoming a stone frigate in the process, every subsequent vessel that served in this ship's stead as a school ship at Devonport had been renamed ''Impregnable'' in her honour. The training school eventually closed in 1948. ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「HMS Impregnable (1810)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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